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Mortgages Explained
Basically, a mortgage is just a loan that is
to be used to finance the purchase of property. The
property itself is used as security to ensure
repayment and the lender holds the title or deed to
the property either directly or indirectly
(depending on your jurisdiction and type of lender)
until you have repaid the entire amount plus
interest.
When shopping for a mortgage you should keep in mind
that there are many different types available. They
can range from fixed rate mortgages where the
interest rates never change, to adjustable rate
mortgages (ARM's) where interest rates are pegged to
some type of market index, allowing them to rise or
fall over time as the economy changes. Between these
two extremes are a variety of other products that
attempt to blend the advantages of the guaranteed
interest rates of fixed rate mortgages with the
flexibility found in adjustable rate mortgages. The
length, or "term" of a mortgage, is also an
important factor to consider. You can choose between
short-term mortgages that need to be renegotiated
every few years (called "balloon" mortgages), and
long-term mortgages where you lock your loan in for
up to 30 years.
One of the most important things you need to do
before committing to any type of mortgage is to sit
down with a mortgage professional and examine the
advantages and disadvantages of all available
options and determine which product is best suited
to your current situation and future plans.
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The Basic
Components Of A Mortgage: |
1. Mortgage Amount:
The total amount of money to be borrowed by the
Purchaser and applied toward the price of the
property. In general, the mortgage amount plus down
payment equals purchase price.
2. Down Payment:
The amount of money provided by the Purchaser toward
the purchase price of the property (not including
legal fees or other acquisition costs). In general,
down payment plus mortgage amount equals purchase
price.
3. Interest Rate:
The actual cost of borrowing money, charged as a
percentage of the outstanding amount owed. Usually
compounded on a monthly basis.
4. Term of the Mortgage:
The period of time during which the loan contract is
active. During this period the borrower makes
periodic payments (usually monthly) to the lender
and at the end of the term the balance of the loan
becomes due and payable.
5. Amortization Period:
The period of time after which, if all monthly
payments are made on time and in full, the loan will
be paid out. The term and the amortization of a
mortgage are often the same, but do not need to be.
Instead of having a 30-year mortgage term with a
standard 30-year amortization, the borrower could
opt for three 10-year terms (called balloon
mortgages). At the end of each term the borrower
would have to refinance the loan, necessitating
renegotiation of the interest rate and payment
schedule with the lender.
6. Discount Points:
Discount points refer to the additional money the
borrower may pay to the lender on closing to get a
lower interest rate on the loan. The cost of one
point equals 1% of the amount borrowed. This means
that one point on a $150,000 mortgage equals $1,500.
Usually, for each point paid for on a 30-year loan,
the interest rate is reduced by about 1/8th (or
0.125) of a percentage point.
7. Prepayment Privileges:
The right of the borrower to pay out all or part of
the outstanding principal before it comes due. These
privileges are usually set out in the initial
mortgage negotiations between the borrower and
lender and will differ depending on the type of
mortgage.
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